![\"Sun](\"https:\/\/images2.minutemediacdn.com\/image\/upload\/c_fit,f_auto,fl_lossy,q_auto,w_728\/v1555461686\/shape\/mentalfloss\/72659-istock-467693398.jpg?itok=Bh1-MQo9\")
<\/p>\nAmid the whirl of the\u00a0holiday season, many are vaguely aware of the approach of the winter solstice, but how much do you really know about it? Whether you’re a fan of\u00a0winter\u00a0or just wish it would go away, here are some things to note\u2014or even celebrate\u2014about the shortest day of the year.
\n\u968f\u7740\u8282\u65e5\u7684\u5230\u6765\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u90fd\u6a21\u6a21\u7cca\u7cca\u5730\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u51ac\u81f3\u7684\u6765\u4e34\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4f60\u5bf9\u51ac\u81f3\u5230\u5e95\u4e86\u89e3\u591a\u5c11\u5462\uff1f\u4f60\u559c\u6b22\u51ac\u5929\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u51ac\u5929\u5feb\u5feb\u8fdc\u53bb\uff1f\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u51ac\u81f3\uff0c\u4e00\u5e74\u5f53\u4e2d\u6700\u77ed\u4e00\u5929\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u8da3\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
BUXTREE\/ISTOCK VIA GETTY IMAGES<\/p>\n
THE WINTER SOLSTICE HAPPENS ON DECEMBER 21 IN 2021.<\/strong> THE WINTER SOLSTICE HAPPENS AT A BRIEF, SPECIFIC MOMENT.<\/strong> THE WINTER SOLSTICE MARKS THE LONGEST NIGHT AND SHORTEST DAY OF THE YEAR FOR THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE.<\/strong> ANCIENT CULTURES VIEWED THE WINTER SOLSTICE AS A TIME OF DEATH AND REBIRTH.<\/strong> THE SHORTEST DAY OF THE YEAR MARKS THE DISCOVERY OF NEW AND STRANGE WORLDS.<\/strong> EARTH IS CLOSEST TO THE SUN AROUND THE WINTER SOLSTICE.<\/strong> Despite the proximity to the sun, the reason for cold temperatures is because the Northern Hemisphere receives less sunlight and has cooler temperatures in winter due to Earth\u2019s 23.5-degree tilt. The Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the sun in winter, and toward it in July. WINTER\u2019S COLDEST DAYS HAPPEN AFTER THE SOLSTICE.<\/strong> THE WINTER SOLSTICE MARKS THE SHORTEST DAY OF THE YEAR, BUT NOT THE EARLIEST SUNSET.<\/strong> VERY PLANET HAS A WINTER SOLSTICE.<\/strong> <\/p>\n \u6765\u6e90\uff1aMental Floss \u7f16\u8f91&\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u8bd1\u9510\u7ffb\u8bd1<\/a><\/p>\n
\n2021\u5e74\u7684\u51ac\u81f3\u662f\u572812\u670821\u65e5\u3002<\/strong>
\nThe date of the winter solstice varies from year to year, and can fall anywhere between December 20 and December 23, with the 21st or 22nd being the most common dates. The reason for this is because the tropical year\u2014the time it takes for the sun to return to the same spot relative to Earth\u2014is different from the calendar year. The next solstice occurring on December 20 will not happen until 2080, and the next December 23 solstice will not occur until 2303.
\n\u51ac\u81f3\u7684\u65e5\u671f\u6bcf\u5e74\u90fd\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4f1a\u572812\u670820\u65e5\u548c23\u65e5\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u662f\u572821\u65e5\u621622\u65e5\u3002\u6bcf\u5e74\u51ac\u81f3\u7684\u65e5\u671f\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u53d8\u5316\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u592a\u9633\u5e74-\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u592a\u9633\u56de\u5230\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5730\u7403\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6240\u82b1\u8d39\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u65e5\u5386\u5e74\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fa\u73b0\u572812\u670820\u65e5\u7684\u51ac\u81f3\u5c06\u8981\u52302080\u5e74\u624d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fa\u73b0\u572812\u670823\u65e5\u7684\u51ac\u81f3\u5219\u8981\u52302303\u5e74\u624d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u3002
\ntropical year\uff1a\u592a\u9633\u5e74<\/strong>
\ncalendar year\uff1a\u65e5\u5386\u5e74<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n\u51ac\u81f3\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u523b\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e00\u523b\u5f88\u77ed\u6682<\/strong>
\nNot only does the solstice occur on a specific day, but it also occurs at a specific time of day, corresponding to the instant the\u00a0North Pole\u00a0is aimed farthest away from the sun on the 23.5\u00b0 tilt of the Earth’s axis. This is also the time when the sun shines directly over the Tropic of Capricorn. In 2021, this moment occurs at\u00a03:59 p.m. UTC\u00a0(Coordinated Universal Time) on December 21. For those on Eastern Standard Time, the solstice will occur at 10:59 a.m on December 21. And regardless of where you live, the solstice happens at the same moment for everyone on the planet.
\n\u51ac\u81f3\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4e00\u5929\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u5c31\u662f\u5730\u7403\u8f74\u7ebf\u503e\u659c23.5\u00b0\u65f6\u5317\u6781\u4e0e\u592a\u9633\u8ddd\u79bb\u6700\u8fdc\u7684\u77ac\u95f4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u592a\u9633\u76f4\u63a5\u7167\u5c04\u5728\u5357\u56de\u5f52\u7ebf\u7684\u65f6\u523b\u30022021\u5e74\uff0c\u51ac\u81f3\u51fa\u73b0\u572812\u670821\u65e5\u4e0b\u5348UTC\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u534f\u8c03\u4e16\u754c\u65f6\u95f4\uff093:59\u5206\u3002\u6309\u7167\u4e1c\u90e8\u6807\u51c6\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u51ac\u81f3\u51fa\u73b0\u572812\u670821\u65e5\u65e9\u4e0a10:59\u5206\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u4f60\u4f4f\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\uff0c\u51ac\u81f3\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u51fa\u73b0\u3002
\nTropic of Capricorn\uff1a\u5357\u56de\u5f52\u7ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n\u51ac\u81f3\u662f\u5317\u534a\u7403\u4e00\u5e74\u5f53\u4e2d\u9ed1\u591c\u6700\u957f\uff0c\u767d\u5929\u6700\u77ed\u7684\u4e00\u5929\u3002<\/strong>
\nAs most are keenly aware, daylight hours grow shorter and shorter as the winter solstice approaches, and begin to slowly lengthen afterward. It’s no wonder that the day of the solstice is referred to in some cultures as the “shortest day of the year” or “extreme of winter.” Washington, D.C. will experience\u00a09 hours and 26 minutes\u00a0of sunlight. Helsinki, Finland, will get\u00a05 hours and 49 minutes\u00a0of light. Utqiagvik (formerly Barrow), Alaska, will not have a sunrise at all (and hasn’t since mid-November; its next sunrise will be on January 22), while the North Pole has had no sunrise since October. The South Pole, though, will be basking in the glow of the midnight sun, which won’t set until March.
\n\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u90fd\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u51ac\u81f3\u7684\u6765\u4e34\uff0c\u767d\u5929\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u77ed\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u767d\u5929\u53c8\u4f1a\u6162\u6162\u53d8\u957f\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\uff0c\u51ac\u81f3\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u5e74\u5f53\u4e2d\u201c\u767d\u5929\u6700\u77ed\u7684\u4e00\u5929\u201d\u6216\u201c\u51ac\u5929\u7684\u6781\u81f4\u201d\u3002\u5728\u51ac\u81f3\u8fd9\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7279\u533a\u5c06\u8fce\u6765\u65f6\u957f\u4e3a9\u5c0f\u65f626\u5206\u7684\u767d\u5929\u3002\u800c\u82ac\u5170\u7684\u8d6b\u5c14\u8f9b\u57fa\u5c06\u7ecf\u53865\u5c0f\u65f649\u5206\u7684\u767d\u5929\u3002\u963f\u62c9\u65af\u52a0\u7684\u5c24\u5947\u4e9a\u7ef4\u514b\uff08Utqiagvik\uff09\uff08\u4e4b\u524d\u53eb\u505a\u5df4\u7f57\uff09\u5219\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u65e5\u51fa\uff08\u5e76\u4e14\u4ece11\u6708\u4e2d\u65ec\u5f00\u59cb\u4e00\u76f4\u6ca1\u6709\u65e5\u51fa\uff09\uff1b\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u65e5\u51fa\u662f\u57281\u670822\u65e5\uff0c\u800c\u5317\u6781\u4ece10\u6708\u4efd\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u65e5\u51fa\u4e86\u3002\u800c\u5357\u6781\u5219\u6c89\u6d78\u5728\u5348\u591c\u9633\u5149\u7684\u7167\u5c04\u4e0b\u5e76\u4f1a\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7eed\u52303\u6708\u4efd\u3002<\/p>\n
\n\u53e4\u4ee3\u6587\u5316\u5c06\u51ac\u81f3\u770b\u505a\u662f\u6b7b\u4ea1\u548c\u91cd\u751f\u7684\u65f6\u523b\u3002<\/strong>
\nThe seeming death of the light and very real threat of starvation over the winter months would have weighed heavily on early societies, who held varied solstice celebrations and rites meant to herald the return of the sun and hope for new life. Cattle and other animals were slaughtered around midwinter, followed by feasting on what was the last fresh meat for several months.
\n\u51ac\u5b63\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u9633\u5149\u7684\u6d88\u5931\u548c\u9965\u997f\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u5bf9\u65e9\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u800c\u8a00\u90fd\u662f\u6c89\u91cd\u7684\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53e4\u65f6\u5019\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u4f1a\u4e3e\u529e\u5404\u79cd\u51ac\u81f3\u5e86\u795d\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u4eea\u5f0f\u5e76\u4ee5\u6b64\u671f\u5f85\u91cd\u65b0\u6c90\u6d74\u5728\u9633\u5149\u4e0b\u548c\u65b0\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u3002\u5728\u51ac\u81f3\u524d\u540e\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4f1a\u5c60\u5bb0\u725b\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7272\u755c\u5e76\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u4eab\u53d7\u7528\u6700\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u9c9c\u8089\u7c7b\u6240\u70f9\u996a\u800c\u6210\u7684\u76db\u5bb4\u3002<\/p>\n
\n\u4e00\u5e74\u5f53\u4e2d\u767d\u5929\u6700\u77ed\u7684\u4e00\u5929\u4e5f\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u65b0\u4e16\u754c\u548c\u65b0\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u4e0e\u53d1\u73b0<\/strong>
\nThe Pilgrims arrived at Plymouth on December 21, 1620, to establish a society in which they could worship freely. On the same day in 1898, Pierre and\u00a0Marie Curie\u00a0discovered\u00a0radium, ushering in an atomic age. And on December 21, 1968, the Apollo 8 spacecraft launched, becoming the first crewed moon mission.
\n\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u4e8e1620\u5e7412\u670821\u65e5\u5230\u8fbe\u666e\u5229\u8305\u65af\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u3002\u57281898\u5e74\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u76ae\u57c3\u5c14\u548c\u739b\u4e3d\u5c45\u91cc\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u956d\u5e76\u5f15\u9886\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u8d70\u5411\u539f\u5b50\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u57281968\u5e74\u768412\u670821\u65e5\uff0c\u963f\u6ce2\u7f578\u53f7\u53d1\u5c04\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u8258\u8f7d\u4eba\u63a2\u6708\u98de\u8239\u3002<\/p>\n
\n\u5728\u51ac\u81f3\u65f6\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u4e0e\u592a\u9633\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u6700\u8fd1<\/strong>
\nThough it doesn\u2019t feel like it in the Northern Hemisphere, Earth is closer to the sun in early January\u2014 approximately\u00a03 million miles closer\u2014than it is in early July. The shortest distance between the sun and a planet is called perihelion; in 2021, Earth was at perihelion on January 2.
\n\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u5317\u534a\u7403\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u611f\u89c9\u5230\uff0c\u57281\u6708\u521d\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u79bb\u592a\u9633\u66f4\u8fd1\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0e7\u6708\u521d\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u5927\u7ea6\u7f29\u77ed\u4e863\u767e\u4e07\u82f1\u91cc\u3002\u592a\u9633\u548c\u5730\u7403\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8ddd\u79bb\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8fd1\u65e5\u70b9\uff1b\u57282021\u5e74\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u57281\u67082\u65e5\u5904\u4e8e\u8fd1\u65e5\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n
\n\u5c3d\u7ba1\u63a5\u8fd1\u9633\u5149\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5317\u534a\u7403\u65e5\u7167\u51cf\u5c11\u800c\u4e14\u7531\u4e8e\u5730\u7403\u503e\u659c23.5\u5ea6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e5f\u5c31\u66f4\u4f4e\u3002\u5317\u534a\u7403\u5728\u51ac\u5b63\u504f\u79bb\u592a\u9633\u5e76\u57287\u6708\u65f6\u671d\u592a\u9633\u503e\u659c\u3002<\/p>\n
\n\u51ac\u81f3\u8fc7\u540e\u5c31\u662f\u51ac\u5b63\u6700\u5bd2\u51b7\u7684\u65e5\u5b50<\/strong>
\nJanuary and February are the coldest days in the Northern Hemisphere despite receiving more sunlight than in December\u2019s short days. What gives?
\n\u5c3d\u7ba1\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u9633\u5149\u6bd4\u767d\u5929\u77ed\u6682\u768412\u6708\u8fd8\u8981\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f1\u6708\u548c2\u6708\u5374\u662f\u5317\u534a\u7403\u6700\u51b7\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f
\nThe delayed reaction is due to the way Earth takes in and releases heat. The planet absorbs heat during the summer months and\u00a0releases it gradually\u00a0throughout the fall and into the winter; it doesn\u2019t fully cool down until January or February. By then, snow is falling in many areas, creating a reflective shield against solar radiation. So, in midwinter, our stores of heat have run out\u2014and the warmth of the sun is not being absorbed as readily.
\n\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u6ede\u540e\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e8e\u5730\u7403\u5438\u6536\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u70ed\u91cf\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5730\u7403\u4f1a\u5728\u590f\u5b63\u5438\u6536\u70ed\u91cf\u5e76\u4f1a\u5728\u79cb\u5b63\u9010\u6e10\u91ca\u653e\u70ed\u91cf\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u51ac\u5929\u964d\u4e34\uff1b\u5730\u7403\u76f4\u52301\u6708\u62162\u6708\u624d\u4f1a\u5b8c\u5168\u51b7\u5374\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u5230\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0b\u96ea\u3002\u79ef\u96ea\u4f1a\u5bf9\u9633\u5149\u7167\u5c04\u5f62\u6210\u53cd\u5c04\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u51ac\u81f3\u65f6\u5206\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u6240\u50a8\u5b58\u7684\u70ed\u80fd\u9010\u6e10\u6563\u53bb-\u800c\u9633\u5149\u7684\u6e29\u6696\u4e5f\u6ca1\u90a3\u4e48\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u5438\u6536\u3002<\/p>\n
\n\u51ac\u81f3\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u5e74\u5f53\u4e2d\u767d\u5929\u6700\u77ed\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u5e76\u975e\u662f\u65e5\u843d\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u65f6\u5019<\/strong>
\nThough the winter solstice is the day with the least amount of sunlight, that\u2019s not because of the sunset. In fact, the earliest sunset happens about two weeks prior\u2014in 2021 in New York, for example, the winter solstice is December 21, but the earliest sunsets occur on December 7 and 8 (at 4:28 p.m.).
\n\u5c3d\u7ba1\u51ac\u81f3\u662f\u4e00\u5929\u5f53\u4e2d\u65e5\u7167\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u975e\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u843d\u65e5\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u7ebd\u7ea62021\u5e74\u6700\u77ed\u7684\u65e5\u843d\u5927\u7ea6\u51fa\u73b0\u57282\u5468\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u51ac\u81f3\u662f12\u670821\u65e5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u65e5\u843d\u5219\u662f\u572812\u67087\u53f7\u548c8\u53f7\uff08\u4e0b\u53484\u70b928\u5206\uff09\u3002
\nThe discrepancy is due to the way we calculate time. Our clocks operate on an exact 24-hour schedule, but our days are technically a little longer or shorter. One day equals the time between when the sun is at its highest point in the sky, called solar noon, and the next.
\n\u5dee\u5f02\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u8ba1\u7b97\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65f6\u949f\u7cbe\u51c6\u6309\u716724\u5c0f\u65f6\u5236\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u767d\u5929\u5219\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u66f4\u77ed\u6216\u66f4\u957f\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u767d\u5929\u7684\u65f6\u957f\u4e3a\u592a\u9633\u5728\u5929\u7a7a\u4e2d\u6700\u9ad8\u70b9\uff08\u6b63\u5348\uff09\u548c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u5904\u4e8e\u5929\u7a7a\u6700\u9ad8\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002
\nsolar day is\u00a0slightly longer than 24 hours\u00a0during the summer and winter solstices and slightly shorter during the spring and fall equinoxes because of Earth\u2019s tilt and orbit.
\n\u5728\u590f\u81f3\u548c\u51ac\u81f3\u65f6\uff0c\u592a\u9633\u65e5\u8981\u7565\u957f\u4e8e24\u5c0f\u65f6\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u6625\u5206\u548c\u79cb\u5206\u65f6\u7565\u77ed\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5730\u7403\u7684\u503e\u659c\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u8f68\u9053\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\n\u6bcf\u9897\u661f\u7403\u90fd\u6709\u51ac\u81f3<\/strong>
\nBecause the solstice has to do with a planet\u2019s tilt and orbit around the sun, every other planet in our solar system also experiences a winter solstice of sorts\u2014though the seasons themselves look much different that ours. The\u00a0seasons on Neptune\u00a0and Uranus last decades, while Venus has the shortest seasons. Mars orbits the sun in a much more elliptical way than Earth, so\u00a0its years are 687 days long\u00a0and its fluctuations more extreme.
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![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.easytranslation.com.cn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/weixin.jpg\")
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"