One in every nine people in Australia has asthma. It is a health burden for many children, and expensive for families because of medication, hospital and out-of-hospital expenses.
在澳洲，每9个人中，就有1人患有哮喘。对于许多儿童而言，哮喘对他们的健康造成了负担。对于家庭而言，因为药物、住院以及出院后的花费，所以也是一笔昂贵的开支。
The pandemic has added further stress and extra testing measures to check respiratory symptoms. COVID infection can co-exist with asthma and, although research shows allergic asthma does not increase the risk of COVID infection and death, keeping asthma symptoms under control remains important.
疫情的出现使情况变得更加严重，同时也需要采取额外的测试手段来检查呼吸道方面的症状。新冠感染可以和哮喘同时出现，并且，尽管研究表明，过敏性哮喘不会使新冠感染和死亡增加，但是使哮喘症状保持在可控范围内仍然很重要。
At home, tobacco smoke, pollen, mold, dust, pet dander and harmful gases can initiate or worsen asthma symptoms. Our recent study – a review and analysis of Australian research – identifies the most significant culprits.
在家里，吸烟、花粉、霉菌、灰尘、宠物皮屑以及有害气体都会引发哮喘症状或导致哮喘加重。我们最近的研究（对澳洲研究的回顾和分析）发现了最容易导致哮喘的因素。
Passive smoking, synthetic pillows or quilts, and gas heating in your house are the most frequently identified triggers for the highest rates of asthma in the home. Preventing these common household environmental factors could better control asthma.
二手烟、人造枕头或床品以及房间内的煤气炉都是导致哮喘在家中发作的最大诱因。预防这些常见的居家环境因素可以更好地控制哮喘。
Nasties in the home
家中的不良因素
Prior research reports various environmental factors can trigger asthma symptoms. But the relevant factors and the size of the effect varies widely in different countries and populations. Knowing the most common environmental triggers that can initiate asthma symptoms in Australia can help us tailor prevention strategies.
此前的研究表明，各种环境因素会诱发哮喘症状。但是，相关因素和影响程度在不同的国家和人群中差异巨大。了解澳洲地区诱发哮喘症状的最常见环境因素有助于我们制定预防策略。
We examined the evidence based on the research conducted in Australia to determine significant family environmental factors associated with asthma. We looked at 56 studies that involved 137,840 people in Australia. The combined data confirm passive smoking, synthetic bedding and gas heating in households are significant triggering factors for asthma symptoms. These household features are noted in more homes where people have asthma and need more asthma treatment.
通过对澳洲的研究证据进行梳理，我们发现了与哮喘有关的非常重要的居家环境因素。我们仔细查看了涉及澳洲13.784万人的56项研究。综合数据证明，二手烟、人造床品以及煤气炉都是引发哮喘症状的重要因素。这些居家因素存在于更多患有哮喘的家庭以及需要获得更多治疗的家庭中。
Being around smokers, such as at home or in the workplace is the most commonly reported indoor exposure for people with asthma. Breathing in smoke disruptsnormal lung and immune system development and causes airway irritation.
对于患有哮喘的人而言，有人在旁边吸烟，比如在家中或在工作场所是被提起最多的室内诱发因素。吸入烟雾会阻碍正常的肺部和免疫系统发育并会引起气道刺激。
This can lead to asthma symptoms and other lung diseases. The main sources of secondhand smoke in Australia were identified as smoking by a parent or other family member at home and by colleagues in the workplace. Children were the main victims of secondhand smoke, exposed to their parents’ smoking – especially mothers – at home.
吸烟还会引起哮喘症状和其他肺部疾病。澳洲二手烟的主要来源是父母一方或其他家庭成员在家中吸烟以及同事在工作场所吸烟。儿童是二手烟的主要受害者。他们会接触到父母-特别是母亲在家中吸烟所产生的烟雾。
Bedding and heating
床品和取暖
The second most commonly reported household trigger was bedding from unnatural fibers, such as microfiber, nylon or acrylic materials. Synthetic bedding items have higher house dust mite allergen levels than feather-bedding items.
第二大家中最常见的哮喘诱因是用人工纤维制成的床品，比如微纤维、尼龙或亚克力材料。人造床品比羽绒床品更容易造成尘螨过敏。
They also increase exposure to volatile organic chemicals. These are gases emitted from certain solids and liquids found in many household products. These gases can accumulate in higher concentrations inside and cause health problems.
人造床品还会让使用者更容易接触到挥发性有机化学物。这些气态的挥发性有机化学物来自于某些固体和液体，这些在许多家居产品中都存在。这些挥发性气体会以更高的浓度累积在家居产品内并造成健康问题。
Synthetic pillows are also more likely to trap cat and dog allergens than feather pillows. The firmer weave of feather pillows makes them a more protective barrier to allergens that could otherwise lead to respiratory irritation. Households of children prone to asthma or allergies should pay extra attention to the bedding they choose.
与羽毛枕头相比，人造枕头更容易粘上猫、狗身上的过敏原。羽绒枕头的编织更加紧致，因此也会更好地阻挡造成呼吸道刺激的过敏原。孩子容易哮喘或过敏的家庭应该额外留意所选择的床品。
Finally, both flued and unflued gas heaters can emit nitrogen dioxide gas that can irritate the respiratory tract and trigger asthma symptoms. It’s better to get rid of gas heaters or heating systems, if possible, in households where asthma is an issue.
最后，燃油式和非燃油式的煤气炉也会散发出二氧化氮，这种气体会刺激呼吸道并引发哮喘症状。如果可能，最好不要在孩子有哮喘的家里使用煤气炉或加热系统。
Asthma risks we can control
我们可以控制的哮喘风险
Our research shows the importance of emphasizing prevention of some common family environmental factors to prevent asthma symptoms. These factors may remain less acknowledged despite their notorious effect on asthma.
我们的研究表明，将重点放在预防某些常见的环境因素以控制哮喘症状具有重要意义。这些因素尽管对哮喘的影响很大，但人们对它们的认识也许仍然不够。
The scientific evidence that shows active tobacco smoking is detrimental for asthma control is well understood by the general public. But people may be less aware of the effect of passive smoking on asthma.
有关主动吸烟对哮喘控制有破坏作用的科学证据得到了公众的充分理解。但是，二手烟对哮喘的危害人们可能却知之甚少。
There is also scope to build awareness around gas heaters and synthetic bedding as asthma triggers. These environmental factors lurking in homes should be better communicated to families who could be affected, especially in a country where asthma is a major public health problem. Elimination of these factors may help control asthma symptoms and reduce COVID testing during the pandemic.
另外，还要帮助人们认识到煤气炉和人工床品也是哮喘的诱因。应该向可能存在哮喘的家庭，特别是那些哮喘已经成为一大公众健康问题的国家加大宣传力度，让他们更好的了解这些潜伏在家中的环境诱因。消除这些诱因也许有助于控制哮喘症状并减少疫情期间的新冠检测。
原文来源：ScienceAlert
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